Terms Of Reference Recovery and improvement of livelihood of pastoralist communities in Hobyo District, Galmudug,

1. 1. Introduction

Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe (hereafter DKH) is the humanitarian assistance agency in Germany with headquarters in Berlin. It has regional offices in Asia, Africa and Latin America, as well as country offices in our priority countries, which are responsible for the coordination of aid programmes. DKH’s operating model is structured around implementing projects exclusively through a network of local partner organisations. As such, DKH’s core business is partner support and partner strengthening.

On average, DKH supports around 150 projects annually across the globe. Besides humanitarian assistance, DKH also focuses on Disaster Risk reduction (DRR), preparedness measures as well as rehabilitation and reconstruction. In recent years, DKH has accelerated its commitment and investment in strengthening its cash and voucher assistance (CVA) approach to ensure context appropriate and dignified responses for affected families.

DKH’s projects are funded through donations, a percentage of the annual income of sister agency ‘Bread for the World’, collaborations with other aid agencies such as Caritas International, as well as institutional donor funds such as German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). DKH is also a recognized cooperation partner of ECHO, the Office for Humanitarian Aid of the European Commission, as

well as of EuronAid, a network of European non-governmental organisations specialized in food aid and food security.

In Somalia, DKH has been running intensive relief programs for more than twenty years. In recent years, DKH and its local partner organisations implemented also transitional aid programs. In close cooperation with its local partner organizations, DKH works across a number of sectors including WASH, Shelter, Camp Management & Non-Food Items, Education, Food Security, Livelihoods with integrated Cash Voucher Assistance, wherever feasible.

Centre for Peace and Democracy (CPD) was founded in Mogadishu, Somalia in 2003 by a group of intellectuals, in response to humanitarian and governance crisis generated by protracted civil war with a humanitarian and development mandate. CPD has presence in Banadir and Mudug states with physical offices in Mogadishu, Adado and Hobyo. Since 2016, DKH and CPD partnered for five projects with a budget of 3.47 million Euros, including back donor funding. CPD possesses sound knowledge and skills in WASH and protection with integrated Cash and Voucher Assistance programming and is an active member of Food Security, WASH, Education in Emergencies, Health, Nutrition, Shelter, Protection, and CCCM UN coordinated clusters. In addition, CPD is well represented and accepted among Somalia Civil societies, communities and local authorities.

Effects of the 2017 drought in Somalia combined with conflict and insecurity led to the deteriorating state in Somalia and because of these factors, Galmudug state has possibly become one of the most underdeveloped regions of the country in terms of infrastructure, social and economic development and the delivery of public services. There is an overwhelming increase in the number of drop out pastoralists, who have lost their livelihoods leaving them in dire need. The situation gets complicated by the fact that half of South-Central Somalia, including the Galmudug state, is still shaken by conflict and insecurity. Tens of thousands of pastoralists migrated to urban and peri-urban areas of the region due to severe drought conditions between June and October 2017. The migration was largely attributed to the loss of nearly 65 per cent of livestock because of lack of pasture, water and animal diseases. The humanitarian situation continued to worsen due to the projected below average Gu rains in May and June 2018. Hobyo serves as the main port of Galmudug State and fishing was the main economic activity with most of the youth engaging in fishing activities. In order to stabilize the region better, Galmudug, and especially the Hobyo district, need development-oriented support to stabilize the livelihood sector.

With financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (hereafter BMZ), DKH in partnership with CPD implements the project “Recovery and improvement of livelihood of pastoralist communities in Hobyo District, Galmudug“. This two-year project started 01 August 2018 and will end 31 July 2020. The overall goal is to sustain and regain livelihoods of pastoralists and dropout pastoralist communities in Hobyo District of Galmudug state. The project was delivered in two phases that relates to the two project component – 1) Support to pastoralists and drop-out pastoralists along Laqh Sarman; and 2) Support to households in needs to cover basic needs (humanitarian aid).

The project aimed at assisting the targeted community in recovery of their livelihoods to become independent from humanitarian aid supplies. This was implemented through capital injection to the community that includes both, the Internally Displaced People (IDPs) and host community through a Cash for Assets approach (CfA). These assets are water works built to conserve surface water and private capital for restocking of herds and to start farming in the riverine fields

or gardens. Women in the community were especially targeted to become fodder farmers as they stay at home to take care of their family they would be available in the farms at all times over the year.

Thus, the project had four (4) objectives: (1) Pastoralists in Hobyo district have adapted their economic cycle of pastoralism to tighter becoming sequences of drought – floods –wet years-droughts; (2) Drop-out pastoralists have regained alternative livelihoods; (3) Women who do not have adequate livelihood have been more integrated into the pastoralist economy; (4) Food security of households in IPC phase 3 and 4 has been improved. In order to make the project relevant and efficient, DKH and CPD took a participatory approach throughout the project cycle. As a result, relevant governmental authorities, community leaders, women and youth groups from both, the IDP and host community were engaged in project design and implementation.

The project was evaluated in November 2019 by Kenbridge consultant. The project was designed to reach and support 2,435 households (HH) through conditional cash transfer and replica community benefit through rehabilitation of community assets mainly water infrastructures – water pans and sand dams. The project focus also included construction/rehabilitation tradition water sources and water storage facilities such shallow well, berkads and construction of elevated water tanks. In accordance with the project proposal and logical framework, the primary purpose of the mid-term evaluation was to assess what the project has achieved against agreed outputs and with respect to the planned implementation timeframe; measure and indicators. Furthermore, to determine the extent to which the project has achieved its target objectives; to guide the remainder of the project towards completion phase which in this case, includes completion of the remaining activities but also to focus to tapping off community engagement related to the project and prepare for final closure process. The mid-term evaluation was also intended to capture emerging results/lessons learnt and best practices that can be used to inform the decision-making process of the project stakeholders, including implementing partners, program beneficiaries and government departments with regards to future programming. The mid-term evaluation also explored into the implementation process to ensure accountability to the affected groups, meets the required Core Humanitarian Standards, and assess the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and the sustainability of the project output and provide tailored recommendations for future interventions.

Overall, the project was found to be highly relevant to the needs and interests of the beneficiaries and the target communities. The project design and corresponding interventions were found to be appropriate to the needs of the target populations. The project activities and output were closely coordinated and executed as on the project activity timelines and with regards to achieve the project objectives. The region targeting process was primarily based on vulnerability in participation with the communities and local authorities. Community and project beneficiary targeting was done through rigorous consultation and through community committees thus reducing the time taken in identifying beneficiaries and enhancing the communities’ acceptance of the intervention. The project was able to deliver planned intervention to target communities.

DKH and CPD project is largely on track to deliver the stated outputs in relation to physical inputs and deliverables against the planned project implementation timelines. In terms of process, efficiency, effectiveness, relevance and output, CPD has utilized its comparative advantage of presence in the region, experience and established community-based systems and understanding and further blended it with innovation and willingness to take risks and to ultimately deliver on the project outputs.

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